varicocele
Pronunciation: VAR-ih-ko-seel
Enlarged veins within the scrotum that can affect sperm production and male fertility.
Full Definition
A varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the veins within the spermatic cord that drain the testicles, similar to varicose veins in the legs. This condition affects approximately 15% of men and is found in up to 40% of men with infertility. Varicoceles are typically left-sided due to anatomical differences in venous drainage, though bilateral occurrence is possible. The increased blood flow and elevated scrotal temperature associated with varicoceles can impair sperm production and quality, leading to decreased sperm concentration, motility, and increased DNA fragmentation. Diagnosis is usually made through physical examination and confirmed with scrotal ultrasound. Treatment options include observation for asymptomatic cases or surgical repair (varicocelectomy) when associated with infertility or significant symptoms.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from hydrocele (fluid accumulation) and spermatocele (epididymal cyst).
In Context
- "Physical examination revealed a grade II varicocele on the left side with associated testicular discomfort." — Urological assessment
- "Varicocelectomy resulted in improved sperm parameters at the 3-month follow-up evaluation." — Surgical outcome report