atelectasis
Pronunciation: at-uh-LEK-tah-sis
Partial or complete collapse of lung tissue, preventing normal gas exchange in affected areas.
Full Definition
Atelectasis occurs when alveoli become deflated or collapse, leading to reduced lung expansion and impaired oxygenation. It can be caused by airway obstruction, compression, or loss of surfactant. Common causes include mucus plugs, tumors, pneumothorax, or prolonged bed rest. Respiratory therapists use techniques like incentive spirometry, chest physiotherapy, and positive pressure therapies to treat and prevent atelectasis. The condition is particularly concerning in postoperative patients and those on mechanical ventilation.
Usage
Usage note: Plural form is 'atelectases'; avoid confusion with 'atelectatic' (adjective form).
In Context
- "Post-operative atelectasis was prevented with aggressive pulmonary hygiene measures." — Clinical progress note
- "Chest X-ray showed left lower lobe atelectasis requiring bronchoscopic intervention." — Radiology report