pneumothorax
Pronunciation: new-mo-THOR-aks
The presence of air in the pleural space, causing partial or complete lung collapse.
Full Definition
Pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural cavity, disrupting the negative pressure that keeps the lung expanded against the chest wall. It can be spontaneous (primary or secondary), traumatic, or iatrogenic (caused by medical procedures). Types include simple, tension, and open pneumothorax, each requiring different management approaches. Respiratory therapists must recognize signs of pneumothorax, particularly tension pneumothorax, which is a medical emergency. Treatment may involve chest tube insertion, needle decompression, or observation depending on severity.
Usage
Usage note: Plural is 'pneumothoraces'; distinguish from 'pneumothoraces' vs 'pneumothoraxes' usage.
In Context
- "Sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea suggested spontaneous pneumothorax." — Emergency department assessment
- "Post-procedural chest X-ray ruled out iatrogenic pneumothorax following central line placement." — Post-procedure note