burst fracture
A high-energy spinal fracture involving failure of both anterior and middle columns with retropulsion of bone fragments into the spinal canal.
Full Definition
A burst fracture is a severe type of spinal compression fracture characterized by failure of both the anterior and middle columns of the spine, according to Denis's three-column classification. These injuries typically result from high-energy axial loading mechanisms and involve comminution of the vertebral body with retropulsion of bone fragments into the spinal canal. Burst fractures carry significant risk of neurological injury due to canal compromise and often require urgent surgical decompression and stabilization. Treatment decisions depend on neurological status, degree of canal compromise, kyphotic deformity, and fracture stability.
Usage
Usage note: Specify percentage of canal compromise and neurological status in documentation.
In Context
- "CT revealed a L1 burst fracture with 40% canal compromise and neurological deficit." — trauma radiology report
- "Urgent decompression and fusion were performed for the unstable burst fracture." — emergency operative note