crystalloid
Intravenous fluid containing dissolved electrolytes used for volume resuscitation and maintaining fluid balance.
Full Definition
A type of intravenous fluid composed of water and dissolved electrolytes that can cross capillary membranes freely. Common crystalloids include normal saline, lactated Ringer's solution, and Plasma-Lyte. In surgical critical care, crystalloids are the first-line therapy for volume resuscitation, though large volumes may cause tissue edema due to their distribution throughout the extracellular space. The choice of crystalloid depends on the clinical scenario, with balanced solutions preferred to avoid hyperchloremic acidosis associated with normal saline.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from colloids which contain larger molecules that remain in vascular space.
In Context
- "Initial resuscitation included two liters of crystalloid before considering blood products." — Trauma resuscitation protocol
- "The patient received balanced crystalloid to avoid hyperchloremic acidosis." — Fluid management documentation