intra-aortic balloon pump
Mechanical cardiac assist device that inflates and deflates in the aorta to augment cardiac output and coronary perfusion.
Full Definition
A temporary mechanical circulatory support device consisting of a balloon catheter inserted into the descending aorta that inflates during diastole and deflates during systole. The device augments diastolic pressure to improve coronary perfusion while reducing systolic pressure and afterload to decrease cardiac workload. Commonly used in cardiogenic shock, postcardiotomy syndrome, and high-risk cardiac interventions. The balloon is synchronized with the cardiac cycle using ECG or arterial pressure waveforms. Contraindications include aortic regurgitation, aortic dissection, and severe peripheral vascular disease. Complications include limb ischemia, balloon rupture, and infection.
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenate intra-aortic; commonly abbreviated as IABP.
In Context
- "An intra-aortic balloon pump was inserted for cardiogenic shock following myocardial infarction." — Cardiac catheterization report
- "The intra-aortic balloon pump timing was optimized to maximize diastolic augmentation." — ICU monitoring documentation