massive transfusion protocol
A standardized approach for rapid blood product administration in patients with severe hemorrhage.
Full Definition
A massive transfusion protocol (MTP) is a systematic approach used in surgical critical care for patients requiring large-volume blood transfusion, typically defined as >10 units of red blood cells in 24 hours or >4 units in 1 hour with ongoing bleeding. The protocol ensures rapid availability of blood products in predetermined ratios, commonly 1:1:1 (plasma:platelets:red blood cells) to prevent dilutional coagulopathy. MTP activation triggers coordinated response from surgery, anesthesia, blood bank, and nursing teams. The protocol includes guidelines for product ratios, laboratory monitoring (including thromboelastography when available), calcium replacement, and criteria for protocol termination. Early MTP activation improves survival in hemorrhaging patients.
Usage
Usage note: Specify the blood product ratio used (e.g., 1:1:1) when documenting MTP implementation.
In Context
- "Massive transfusion protocol was activated for the patient with ongoing post-operative hemorrhage." — Emergency response documentation
- "The patient received 12 units of blood products via the massive transfusion protocol with 1:1:1 ratio." — Transfusion record