ctDNA
Pronunciation: see-tee-D-N-A
Also written as: ctDNA — Circulating Tumor DNA
Circulating tumor DNA found in the bloodstream, used for non-invasive cancer monitoring and molecular profiling.
Full Definition
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) refers to DNA fragments released by tumor cells into the bloodstream through processes such as apoptosis, necrosis, and active secretion. As a component of cell-free DNA, ctDNA provides a non-invasive method for tumor molecular profiling, monitoring treatment response, and detecting minimal residual disease. In thoracic oncology, ctDNA analysis has emerged as a valuable tool for identifying actionable mutations when tissue biopsy is not feasible, monitoring for resistance mutations during targeted therapy, and detecting disease recurrence earlier than conventional imaging. The technology is rapidly advancing, with improved sensitivity and specificity for clinical applications.
Usage
Usage note: Use 'ctDNA' consistently; avoid mixing with 'circulating tumor DNA' within the same document unless defining the abbreviation.
In Context
- "ctDNA analysis revealed an EGFR T790M resistance mutation during osimertinib therapy." — Molecular monitoring report
- "Elevated ctDNA levels at post-surgical follow-up suggested disease recurrence before radiographic evidence." — Surveillance report