cyanide toxicity

Full Definition

Cyanide toxicity occurs when hydrogen cyanide gas, released during the burning of synthetic materials like plastics and foams, is inhaled during structure fires. Cyanide blocks cellular oxygen utilization at the mitochondrial level, leading to cellular hypoxia despite adequate oxygen delivery. Signs include altered mental status, metabolic acidosis, and elevated lactate levels. Recognition is crucial in burn patients as cyanide toxicity can coexist with carbon monoxide poisoning and complicate resuscitation efforts.

Usage

Usage note: Distinguish from carbon monoxide poisoning, which affects oxygen transport rather than utilization.

In Context

• "The patient's persistent metabolic acidosis raised suspicion for cyanide toxicity despite adequate oxygenation." — Emergency department note
• "Cyanide toxicity should be considered in all house fire victims with altered mental status and elevated lactate." — Clinical protocol