oncogene
A gene whose activation or overexpression can contribute to malignant transformation and cancer development.
Full Definition
An oncogene is a mutated or overexpressed version of a normal gene (proto-oncogene) that has the potential to cause cancer when activated. Proto-oncogenes normally function to promote cell growth, division, and survival, but when altered by mutations, amplifications, or chromosomal translocations, they can drive uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Common oncogenes in cancer genomics include MYC, RAS family genes, EGFR, and HER2. Understanding oncogene activation patterns is crucial for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies that specifically inhibit oncogenic pathways.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes; context is key.
In Context
- "Amplification of the HER2 oncogene was detected in 18% of breast cancer samples." — Pathology report
- "The RAS oncogene family is among the most frequently mutated in human cancers." — Review article