Epicardial Mapping
Electrophysiological mapping performed on the outer surface of the heart. Required when arrhythmia substrates are not accessible from within cardiac chambers.
Full Definition
Epicardial mapping involves the placement of catheters on the outer surface of the heart, within the pericardial space, to map and ablate arrhythmias originating from or involving epicardial structures. This technique is essential when the arrhythmia substrate cannot be adequately accessed through endocardial approaches, particularly in cases of ventricular tachycardia arising from epicardial scar tissue. The procedure requires pericardial access, typically through subxiphoid puncture, and careful navigation to avoid coronary arteries and other critical structures. Epicardial mapping is particularly important in conditions such as arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, Chagas disease, and certain idiopathic ventricular tachycardias. The approach allows for comprehensive substrate assessment and targeted ablation of epicardial circuits.
Usage
Usage note: Technically challenging procedure requiring specialized expertise. Distinguish from endocardial approaches.
In Context
- "Epicardial mapping revealed the VT exit site on the inferior left ventricular wall." — electrophysiology report
- "Combined endocardial and epicardial mapping was performed for comprehensive substrate assessment." — procedure documentation