adiponectin
Pronunciation: ah-dip-oh-NEK-tin
A hormone produced by adipose tissue that enhances insulin sensitivity and has anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties.
Full Definition
Adiponectin is a 244-amino acid protein hormone secreted exclusively by adipocytes that plays crucial roles in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Unlike other adipokines, adiponectin levels are inversely correlated with body fat percentage and decrease in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. The hormone enhances insulin sensitivity through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, promotes fatty acid oxidation, and exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. Low adiponectin levels are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, making it both a biomarker and potential therapeutic target in cardiometabolic disorders. Normal levels range from 5-30 μg/mL, with higher levels generally indicating better metabolic health.
Usage
Usage note: One word, no hyphenation; avoid capitalizing unless beginning a sentence.
In Context
- "Low plasma adiponectin levels correlated with the patient's insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk." — Metabolic syndrome evaluation
- "Research protocols include adiponectin measurement as a marker of adipose tissue dysfunction." — Clinical trial methodology