cardiac contusion
Myocardial injury resulting from blunt chest trauma, characterized by myocyte damage and hemorrhage without full-thickness rupture.
Full Definition
Cardiac contusion represents a spectrum of myocardial injury caused by blunt chest trauma, ranging from microscopic myocyte damage to extensive hemorrhage and necrosis. The condition most commonly affects the right ventricle due to its anterior position behind the sternum. Pathological changes include subepicardial and subendocardial hemorrhage, myocyte necrosis, and inflammatory infiltrate. Unlike penetrating trauma, the cardiac structure remains intact. Clinical manifestations may include arrhythmias, wall motion abnormalities, and rarely, hemodynamic compromise. Diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion, elevated cardiac enzymes, ECG changes, and echocardiographic findings. The condition differs from commotio cordis in that structural damage is present.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguished from commotio cordis by presence of structural damage; most commonly affects RV.
In Context
- "The autopsy revealed extensive cardiac contusion with right ventricular hemorrhage following the motor vehicle accident." — Forensic pathology report
- "Elevated troponins and wall motion abnormalities suggested cardiac contusion in this trauma patient." — Emergency department assessment