tumor lysis syndrome
Also written as: TLS — tumor lysis syndrome
A potentially life-threatening metabolic complication characterized by rapid cellular breakdown and release of intracellular contents.
Full Definition
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) results from massive tumor cell destruction, either spontaneous or treatment-induced, leading to the release of large quantities of intracellular potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acids into the circulation. This creates a constellation of metabolic abnormalities including hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, and secondary hypocalcemia. TLS most commonly occurs in patients with highly proliferative, chemotherapy-sensitive malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Burkitt lymphoma, and acute myeloid leukemia with high white blood cell counts. Prevention involves aggressive hydration, allopurinol or rasburicase prophylaxis, and careful monitoring of electrolytes and renal function.
Usage
Usage note: Commonly abbreviated as TLS. Can be laboratory TLS (biochemical changes only) or clinical TLS (with organ dysfunction).
In Context
- "Prophylactic measures were implemented to prevent tumor lysis syndrome before initiating chemotherapy." — Treatment protocol
- "The patient developed laboratory evidence of tumor lysis syndrome within hours of treatment initiation." — Complication report