IABP
Pronunciation: EYE-ay-bee-pee
Also written as: IABP — Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
Mechanical circulatory support device using balloon counterpulsation to augment diastolic coronary perfusion and reduce cardiac workload.
Full Definition
The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a temporary mechanical circulatory support device that enhances coronary perfusion and reduces myocardial oxygen demand through counterpulsation. The device consists of a balloon catheter positioned in the descending aorta that inflates during diastole to augment coronary and systemic perfusion, then deflates during systole to reduce afterload and improve cardiac output. In interventional cardiology, IABP is used for hemodynamic support during high-risk procedures, cardiogenic shock management, and as a bridge to more advanced support systems or surgical intervention. While historically widely used, contemporary evidence has limited routine IABP use to specific clinical scenarios where other support modalities are unavailable or inappropriate.
Usage
Usage note: Specify indication and timing of insertion/removal in procedural documentation.
In Context
- "IABP support was initiated before high-risk left main intervention to provide hemodynamic stability." — Interventional procedure report
- "The patient's cardiogenic shock was managed with IABP counterpulsation and inotropic support." — Intensive care unit documentation