respiratory distress syndrome
A breathing disorder in premature infants caused by insufficient surfactant production in the lungs.
Full Definition
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease, is a common condition affecting premature infants born before 34 weeks gestation. It occurs when the lungs lack adequate surfactant, a substance that helps keep the air sacs open and prevents them from collapsing during expiration. Without sufficient surfactant, the lungs become stiff and difficult to inflate, leading to breathing difficulties, poor oxygenation, and the characteristic ground-glass appearance on chest X-rays. Treatment includes surfactant replacement therapy, respiratory support, and in severe cases, mechanical ventilation.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) which affects older children and adults.
In Context
- "The 28-week premature infant developed severe respiratory distress syndrome requiring intubation and surfactant therapy." — Admission note
- "Antenatal corticosteroids significantly reduce the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm deliveries." — Obstetric guideline