total parenteral nutrition
A method of feeding that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract by delivering nutrients intravenously.
Full Definition
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a specialized form of nutritional support that provides all essential nutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements, directly into the bloodstream through a central or peripheral venous catheter. In neonatal intensive care, TPN is commonly used for premature infants who cannot tolerate enteral feeding due to gastrointestinal immaturity, surgical conditions, or severe illness. TPN allows for precise control of nutrient delivery and supports growth and development when the digestive system cannot be used. Careful monitoring is required to prevent complications such as infection, metabolic disturbances, and liver dysfunction.
Usage
Usage note: Commonly abbreviated as TPN; distinguish from partial parenteral nutrition (PPN) in documentation.
In Context
- "The surgical neonate was maintained on total parenteral nutrition while recovering from intestinal surgery." — Nutritional care plan
- "Gradual transition from total parenteral nutrition to enteral feeding was initiated as bowel function improved." — Feeding protocol