central nervous system lymphoma
Also written as: CNS — Central Nervous System
Primary or secondary lymphoma affecting the brain, spinal cord, or cerebrospinal fluid compartments.
Full Definition
Central nervous system lymphoma encompasses both primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), which arises within the CNS, and secondary CNS lymphoma, which represents spread from systemic lymphoma. PCNSL is typically a high-grade B-cell lymphoma that most commonly affects immunocompromised patients, though it can occur in immunocompetent individuals. The disease presents with neurological symptoms, behavioral changes, and may involve the eyes (intraocular lymphoma). Diagnosis requires tissue confirmation, often through stereotactic biopsy, as the lesions may be multifocal and deep-seated. Treatment typically involves high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy rather than surgical resection, making accurate diagnosis crucial for appropriate management.
Usage
Usage note: Abbreviate as CNS lymphoma in clinical contexts. Specify primary versus secondary when known.
In Context
- "Stereotactic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of central nervous system lymphoma." — Pathology report
- "The patient's HIV status raised suspicion for central nervous system lymphoma versus toxoplasmosis." — Differential diagnosis discussion