cerebrospinal fluid cytology
Microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid for malignant cells, essential for diagnosing leptomeningeal disease in neuro-oncology.
Full Definition
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology involves the microscopic examination of CSF samples to identify malignant cells, inflammatory cells, and other abnormal cellular elements. In neuro-oncology, CSF cytology is the gold standard for diagnosing leptomeningeal metastasis, though sensitivity ranges from 50-90% depending on tumor type and sampling technique. The procedure requires lumbar puncture or ventricular access, with samples processed immediately to preserve cellular morphology. Positive cytology confirms leptomeningeal spread and significantly impacts prognosis and treatment planning. False negatives can occur, particularly with small cell numbers or delayed processing, making serial sampling sometimes necessary. Flow cytometry and molecular techniques are increasingly used to supplement traditional cytological examination.
Usage
Usage note: Specify collection method and processing time when documenting results.
In Context
- "Cerebrospinal fluid cytology confirmed the presence of adenocarcinoma cells." — Laboratory report
- "Serial cerebrospinal fluid cytology samples were negative despite radiographic suspicion." — Diagnostic workup