dexamethasone
Pronunciation: dek-sa-METH-a-sone
A potent corticosteroid medication used to reduce brain edema and intracranial pressure in patients with brain tumors.
Full Definition
Dexamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties, widely used in neuro-oncology for managing brain edema and increased intracranial pressure associated with brain tumors. The drug reduces vasogenic edema by stabilizing capillary membranes and decreasing vascular permeability. Typical dosing ranges from 4-16 mg daily, depending on symptom severity and edema extent. While effective for symptom management, dexamethasone carries significant side effects including hyperglycemia, mood changes, immunosuppression, and myopathy. Prolonged use requires gradual tapering to prevent adrenal insufficiency, and patients require monitoring for steroid-related complications.
Usage
Usage note: Specify dosage and frequency; document indication for use; note need for gradual tapering.
In Context
- "Dexamethasone 8 mg twice daily was initiated for symptomatic peritumoral edema." — medication order
- "The steroid taper reduced dexamethasone from 4 mg to 2 mg daily over two weeks." — discharge instructions