hydrocephalus
Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain, often associated with brain tumors.
Full Definition
Hydrocephalus refers to the pathological accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cerebral ventricles, resulting in ventricular enlargement and increased intracranial pressure. In neuro-oncology, hydrocephalus commonly occurs due to tumor obstruction of CSF pathways (obstructive hydrocephalus) or decreased CSF absorption (communicating hydrocephalus). Tumors in the posterior fossa, third ventricle, or those causing leptomeningeal spread are particularly associated with hydrocephalus development. Symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, gait disturbances, and cognitive changes. Treatment options include external ventricular drainage, ventriculoperitoneal shunting, or endoscopic third ventriculostomy depending on the underlying cause and anatomy.
Usage
Usage note: Specify type (obstructive vs. communicating) when known.
In Context
- "The posterior fossa tumor caused obstructive hydrocephalus requiring emergency shunting." — Emergency department note
- "Communicating hydrocephalus developed following leptomeningeal tumor spread." — Follow-up assessment