Muscle Synergy
Abnormal coupling of muscle groups that move together as a unit, limiting selective movement control.
Full Definition
Muscle synergy refers to abnormal patterns of muscle activation where multiple muscle groups contract together as a fixed unit, limiting the ability to produce selective, isolated movements. Following neurological injury, particularly stroke, patients often develop stereotypical synergy patterns that emerge as voluntary movement returns. Common patterns include flexor synergy (shoulder elevation, elbow flexion, forearm supination) and extensor synergy (shoulder adduction, elbow extension, forearm pronation). These synergies represent a more primitive level of motor control and can significantly impair functional movement. Rehabilitation focuses on breaking these patterns and promoting selective muscle activation.
Usage
Usage note: Specify flexor or extensor synergy when documenting; part of normal development but abnormal persistence in adults.
In Context
- "The patient demonstrated strong flexor synergy limiting selective finger extension during reach tasks." — Physical therapy evaluation
- "Treatment focused on breaking extensor synergy to improve functional arm placement." — Therapy progress note