cytotoxic edema
Intracellular brain swelling caused by cellular membrane dysfunction, typically seen in acute ischemia.
Full Definition
Cytotoxic edema occurs when cellular energy failure leads to dysfunction of sodium-potassium pumps, causing intracellular accumulation of sodium and water. This type of brain swelling primarily affects the intracellular space and is characteristic of acute ischemic stroke, particularly in the first few hours after onset. Unlike vasogenic edema, cytotoxic edema occurs with an intact blood-brain barrier and appears as restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted MRI imaging. The swelling is typically irreversible as it represents areas of cellular death or severe injury. Understanding the distinction between cytotoxic and vasogenic edema is crucial for treatment decisions, as standard anti-edema therapies like corticosteroids are ineffective against cytotoxic edema and may even be harmful in acute stroke.
Usage
Usage note: Important distinction from vasogenic edema in imaging reports.
In Context
- "DWI sequences demonstrated cytotoxic edema consistent with acute infarction." — MRI interpretation
- "The restricted diffusion pattern indicated cytotoxic edema rather than vasogenic changes." — Neuroradiology report