neurogenic pulmonary edema
Acute lung injury following severe brain injury due to massive sympathetic discharge.
Full Definition
Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a life-threatening complication that can occur following severe brain injury, particularly subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, or seizures. The condition results from massive sympathetic nervous system activation causing increased pulmonary capillary pressure and permeability, leading to protein-rich fluid accumulation in alveoli. NPE typically develops within minutes to hours of the neurological insult and requires immediate respiratory support. Clinical presentation includes acute hypoxemia, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest imaging, and pink, frothy sputum. Documentation must distinguish NPE from cardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Usage
Usage note: Specify timing relative to neurological insult. Distinguish from cardiac and infectious causes of pulmonary edema.
In Context
- "The patient developed neurogenic pulmonary edema within two hours of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage." — neurocritical care admission note
- "Chest X-ray showed bilateral infiltrates consistent with neurogenic pulmonary edema rather than cardiogenic causes." — pulmonary consultation