chromaffin cells
Specialized neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal medulla that secrete catecholamines.
Full Definition
Chromaffin cells are neuroendocrine cells located primarily in the adrenal medulla that synthesize and secrete catecholamines, particularly epinephrine and norepinephrine. These cells are derived from neural crest tissue and are characterized by their ability to take up and concentrate chromium salts, giving them their distinctive name. Chromaffin cells respond to sympathetic nervous system stimulation and play a crucial role in the body's fight-or-flight response. Tumors arising from these cells, such as pheochromocytomas, can cause excessive catecholamine production and serious cardiovascular complications.
Usage
Usage note: Always hyphenate when used as a compound modifier (e.g., 'chromaffin-cell tumor').
In Context
- "Histologic examination revealed hyperplasia of chromaffin cells within the adrenal medulla." — Pathology report
- "The pheochromocytoma arose from chromaffin cells and secreted excessive norepinephrine." — Case study