alemtuzumab
Pronunciation: al-em-TUZ-u-mab
A humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD52 used for treating aggressive multiple sclerosis.
Full Definition
Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets CD52, a glycoprotein expressed on lymphocytes and monocytes, causing profound and prolonged lymphocyte depletion. Originally developed as an anti-cancer agent, it is now used as a highly effective treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, particularly in patients with aggressive disease. The drug requires extensive safety monitoring due to risks of secondary autoimmunity, including thyroid disorders and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Alemtuzumab is administered as annual treatment courses, with most patients receiving only two courses separated by one year.
Usage
Usage note: Brand name Lemtrada should be capitalized; monitor for secondary autoimmunity terminology.
In Context
- "Alemtuzumab demonstrated superior efficacy compared to interferon beta-1a in treatment-naive patients." — Clinical trial summary
- "The patient developed thyroid dysfunction 18 months after alemtuzumab treatment." — Adverse event report