JC virus
Polyomavirus that causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immunosuppressed patients, particularly those on certain MS treatments.
Full Definition
JC virus (JCV) is a human polyomavirus that establishes latent infection in the majority of the population but typically remains dormant in immunocompetent individuals. In the context of neuroimmunology, JC virus is significant because it can reactivate in immunosuppressed patients to cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a potentially fatal demyelinating brain infection. This is particularly relevant for patients receiving certain immunosuppressive therapies such as natalizumab, rituximab, or fingolimod for multiple sclerosis or other autoimmune conditions. JC virus antibody testing and viral load monitoring are important safety measures in managing patients on high-risk immunosuppressive treatments.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as JCV; named after the patient from whom it was first isolated.
In Context
- "JC virus antibody positivity increases the risk of developing PML during natalizumab treatment." — Risk assessment
- "The patient's JC virus index was elevated, requiring enhanced monitoring for PML development." — Safety monitoring report