reactive astrocyte
Activated astrocytic cell showing morphological and molecular changes in response to CNS injury or disease.
Full Definition
Reactive astrocytes are glial cells that undergo activation and morphological transformation in response to various forms of central nervous system injury, including trauma, ischemia, infection, or neurodegeneration. These cells become enlarged with prominent processes and increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Reactive astrocytes play complex roles in CNS pathology, providing both neuroprotective functions and potentially contributing to glial scar formation that can impede neural regeneration. The degree of astrocytic reaction often correlates with the severity and chronicity of the underlying pathological process. Modern classifications distinguish between different reactive astrocyte subtypes based on their molecular profiles and functional states.
Usage
Usage note: Specify GFAP staining results; distinguish from neoplastic astrocytes.
In Context
- "Numerous reactive astrocytes were observed surrounding the infarct core." — Stroke pathology report
- "GFAP immunostaining highlighted the extent of reactive astrocyte proliferation." — Traumatic brain injury analysis