reactive gliosis
Pronunciation: ree-AK-tiv glee-OH-sis
A pathological response involving proliferation and hypertrophy of glial cells following brain injury or disease.
Full Definition
Reactive gliosis is a complex cellular response to central nervous system injury, inflammation, or degeneration characterized by proliferation, hypertrophy, and altered gene expression of glial cells, particularly astrocytes and microglia. This response can be triggered by various insults including trauma, ischemia, infection, or neurodegenerative processes. Morphologically, reactive astrocytes show enlarged cell bodies, increased GFAP expression, and extended processes, while activated microglia adopt amoeboid morphology. Reactive gliosis serves both protective and potentially harmful functions, and its extent and pattern provide important diagnostic information about the nature and chronicity of brain pathology.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from neoplastic gliomas; specify extent and morphological characteristics.
In Context
- "Extensive reactive gliosis was present at the border of the chronic infarct." — Stroke pathology report
- "GFAP immunostaining highlighted prominent reactive gliosis surrounding the traumatic lesion." — Traumatic brain injury assessment