hydrocephalus
Pronunciation: hy-droh-SEF-uh-luhs
Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain ventricles, causing ventricular dilation and increased intracranial pressure.
Full Definition
Hydrocephalus is a pathological condition characterized by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cerebral ventricular system, resulting in ventricular enlargement and elevated intracranial pressure. In neurosurgical oncology, hydrocephalus commonly develops due to tumor obstruction of CSF pathways, particularly with posterior fossa lesions blocking the fourth ventricle or aqueduct of Sylvius. Symptoms include headache, nausea, cognitive impairment, and gait disturbance. Treatment options include external ventricular drainage, ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, or endoscopic third ventriculostomy, depending on the underlying cause and acuity.
Usage
Usage note: Specify type (obstructive, communicating, normal pressure) when clinically relevant.
In Context
- "The patient developed obstructive hydrocephalus requiring urgent ventricular drainage." — emergency department note
- "Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed to treat hydrocephalus caused by aqueductal stenosis." — operative summary