inferior alveolar nerve
Also written as: IAN — inferior alveolar nerve
Major nerve branch providing sensation to the lower teeth, lip, and chin.
Full Definition
The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve that provides sensory innervation to the mandibular teeth, lower lip, and chin. The nerve enters the mandible through the mandibular foramen and travels through the mandibular canal before exiting as the mental nerve through the mental foramen. In oral maxillofacial surgery, this nerve is at risk during procedures such as wisdom tooth extraction, mandibular fracture repair, and orthognathic surgery. Nerve injury can result in numbness, tingling, or altered sensation in the distribution area, making nerve preservation a critical surgical consideration.
Usage
Usage note: Always document nerve function assessment in procedures where IAN is at risk.
In Context
- "The surgeon carefully identified the inferior alveolar nerve during the mandibular osteotomy procedure." — Operative report
- "Post-operative assessment revealed temporary paresthesia in the inferior alveolar nerve distribution." — Follow-up examination