Norwood procedure
Pronunciation: NOR-wood
The first-stage surgical palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome, reconstructing the aorta and creating controlled pulmonary blood flow.
Full Definition
The Norwood procedure is the first of three staged surgical interventions for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and other single ventricle variants with systemic outflow obstruction. The complex operation involves reconstruction of the aortic arch using the main pulmonary artery, atrial septectomy to allow unrestricted mixing, and creation of a controlled source of pulmonary blood flow via either a Blalock-Taussig shunt or right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit (Sano modification). The procedure is typically performed in the first week of life and carries significant morbidity and mortality risks. Success of the Norwood procedure enables subsequent staging with bidirectional Glenn and eventual Fontan completion.
Usage
Usage note: Named after William Norwood; part of three-stage palliation sequence for single ventricle physiology.
In Context
- "The patient underwent successful Norwood procedure with Sano modification on day 5 of life." — Surgical case report
- "Preoperative optimization is crucial for achieving good outcomes following the Norwood procedure." — Perioperative care protocol