acute myeloid leukemia
Also written as: AML — acute myeloid leukemia
Rapidly progressing cancer of myeloid cells in the bone marrow, less common than ALL in children but requiring intensive chemotherapy.
Full Definition
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies characterized by clonal proliferation of immature myeloid cells. In pediatric patients, AML accounts for approximately 15-20% of childhood leukemias and typically presents with cytopenias, hepatosplenomegaly, and sometimes leukostasis. Treatment involves intensive chemotherapy protocols with potential for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Prognosis varies significantly based on cytogenetic and molecular features, with overall survival rates of 60-70% in pediatric populations.
Usage
Usage note: Always spell out on first use, then use AML abbreviation. Do not confuse with ALL.
In Context
- "The patient's bone marrow biopsy revealed 45% blasts consistent with acute myeloid leukemia." — Pathology report
- "Unlike ALL, acute myeloid leukemia in children often requires bone marrow transplantation for optimal outcomes." — Treatment protocol