alloimmunization
Pronunciation: AL-oh-ih-myoo-nih-ZAY-shun
Development of antibodies against foreign red blood cell antigens following transfusion or pregnancy.
Full Definition
The immune response that occurs when an individual develops antibodies against red blood cell antigens that are foreign to their own blood type, most commonly following blood transfusion or during pregnancy. In pediatric hematology, alloimmunization is a significant concern in patients requiring chronic transfusion therapy, such as those with sickle cell disease or thalassemia. This complication can make future transfusions difficult by causing hemolytic reactions and can limit the availability of compatible blood products.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from autoimmunization, where antibodies form against one's own antigens.
In Context
- "The patient developed alloimmunization to the Kell antigen after multiple transfusions." — Blood bank notification
- "Extended phenotyping was performed to prevent alloimmunization in this chronically transfused patient." — Transfusion medicine consultation