autosplenectomy
Progressive loss of splenic function due to repeated infarctions, commonly occurring in children with sickle cell disease.
Full Definition
Autosplenectomy, also called functional asplenia, is the progressive loss of splenic function that occurs due to repeated splenic infarctions and subsequent fibrosis. This phenomenon is most commonly seen in children with sickle cell disease, where recurrent vaso-occlusive episodes damage the spleen's microvasculature. The process typically begins in early childhood and may be complete by age 5-6 years in children with sickle cell anemia. Autosplenectomy renders patients functionally asplenic, significantly increasing their risk of overwhelming infections with encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, requiring lifelong antibiotic prophylaxis and vaccination protocols.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from surgical splenectomy; emphasizes the automatic/natural process.
In Context
- "The absence of Howell-Jolly bodies on the blood smear suggested preserved splenic function despite the patient's sickle cell disease and risk of autosplenectomy." — Laboratory interpretation note
- "Children with sickle cell disease require pneumococcal vaccination due to the risk of autosplenectomy and subsequent infection susceptibility." — Immunization guideline