graft-versus-host disease
Immune-mediated complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation where donor immune cells attack recipient tissues.
Full Definition
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a potentially life-threatening complication that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation when donor T lymphocytes recognize and attack the recipient's tissues as foreign. In pediatric patients, GVHD can be acute (occurring within 100 days post-transplant) or chronic (occurring later or persisting beyond 100 days). Acute GVHD primarily affects the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and liver, while chronic GVHD can involve multiple organ systems and resembles autoimmune disorders. Prevention involves immunosuppressive medications, and treatment requires careful balance between controlling GVHD and maintaining graft-versus-leukemia effects.
Usage
Usage note: Abbreviate as GVHD after first use; distinguish acute from chronic forms.
In Context
- "The patient developed grade II acute graft-versus-host disease affecting the skin and gastrointestinal tract on day 21 post-transplant." — Transplant team progress note
- "Chronic graft-versus-host disease presented as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome two years after the patient's stem cell transplant." — Pulmonology consultation