hypersplenism
Overactive spleen causing destruction or sequestration of blood cells, resulting in cytopenias despite normal or increased bone marrow production.
Full Definition
Hypersplenism is a clinical syndrome characterized by an enlarged, overactive spleen that removes blood cells from circulation at an accelerated rate, leading to one or more cytopenias (anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia). In pediatric patients, hypersplenism can be secondary to various hematologic conditions including thalassemia, sickle cell disease, portal hypertension, or storage diseases. The bone marrow typically shows normal or increased cell production, distinguishing this from primary bone marrow disorders. Treatment may involve addressing the underlying cause or, in severe cases, splenectomy, though this carries significant infection risks in children.
In Context
- "The patient's persistent thrombocytopenia was attributed to hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension." — Hematology consultation note
- "Hypersplenism in this thalassemia patient may require splenectomy if transfusion requirements continue to increase." — Multidisciplinary team meeting