immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Pronunciation: throm-boh-sy-toh-PEE-nik PUR-pur-ah
Also written as: ITP — immune thrombocytopenic purpura
An autoimmune disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia due to antiplatelet antibodies causing increased platelet destruction.
Full Definition
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder where antibodies target platelet surface antigens, leading to accelerated platelet destruction by the spleen and impaired platelet production. In children, it often follows viral infections and may resolve spontaneously, while adult-onset ITP tends to be chronic. Clinical presentation includes petechiae, purpura, mucosal bleeding, and in severe cases, intracranial hemorrhage. Diagnosis is based on isolated thrombocytopenia in the absence of other causes. Treatment ranges from observation in mild cases to corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, or splenectomy in severe or refractory cases.
Usage
Usage note: Preferred term is now 'immune thrombocytopenic purpura' rather than 'idiopathic'.
In Context
- "The child presented with petechiae and bruising, leading to a diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura." — emergency department note
- "Platelet count monitoring is essential in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura receiving treatment." — nursing care protocol