cytogenetics
Pronunciation: sy-toh-jeh-NET-iks
Laboratory study of chromosome structure and behavior, crucial for pediatric cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Full Definition
Cytogenetics is the branch of laboratory medicine that studies chromosomes and their abnormalities in cancer cells. In pediatric oncology, cytogenetic analysis is essential for accurate diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment selection. Common cytogenetic abnormalities include translocations, deletions, and numerical changes. Techniques include conventional karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and chromosomal microarray analysis. Results directly influence treatment protocols and provide important prognostic information.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from cytology (cell morphology) and molecular genetics (gene-level analysis).
In Context
- "Cytogenetics revealed a t(9;22) translocation confirming the diagnosis." — laboratory report
- "Normal cytogenetics was associated with favorable prognosis in this patient." — pathology report