isotretinoin
Pronunciation: EYE-so-tret-ih-no-in
Differentiation agent used in neuroblastoma maintenance therapy to promote tumor cell maturation.
Full Definition
Isotretinoin is a synthetic retinoid compound that acts as a differentiation agent in neuroblastoma treatment by promoting tumor cell maturation and apoptosis. It is administered orally as part of maintenance therapy following intensive treatment phases for high-risk neuroblastoma patients. The mechanism involves binding to retinoic acid receptors, triggering differentiation pathways that can convert malignant neuroblasts into mature, non-dividing neurons. Isotretinoin is typically given in cycles alternating with immunotherapy agents and is associated with manageable toxicities including dry skin, cheilitis, and transient elevation of liver enzymes. The drug has become a standard component of modern high-risk neuroblastoma protocols based on demonstrated survival benefits.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from other retinoids; specify formulation and pregnancy prevention requirements.
In Context
- "Isotretinoin dosing was reduced by 25% due to persistent grade 2 skin toxicity." — Dose modification documentation
- "The patient completed six cycles of isotretinoin maintenance without significant complications." — Treatment completion summary