tumor lysis syndrome
A metabolic emergency caused by rapid destruction of tumor cells releasing intracellular contents into circulation.
Full Definition
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency resulting from massive tumor cell destruction that releases intracellular contents into the bloodstream faster than the body can eliminate them. TLS is characterized by hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia, potentially leading to acute kidney injury, cardiac arrhythmias, and seizures. In pediatric oncology, TLS most commonly occurs with highly proliferative tumors such as ALL, Burkitt lymphoma, or large solid tumors. Prevention includes aggressive hydration, allopurinol or rasburicase for uric acid control, and electrolyte monitoring during initial treatment.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as TLS; requires immediate recognition and management.
In Context
- "Laboratory findings suggested tumor lysis syndrome with uric acid of 12 mg/dL." — Emergency department note
- "TLS prophylaxis includes rasburicase and aggressive hydration for high-risk patients." — Treatment protocol