ECMO
Pronunciation: ECK-moh
Also written as: ECMO — Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a life support technique providing cardiac and respiratory support via an external circuit.
Full Definition
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced form of life support that provides prolonged cardiac and pulmonary assistance by circulating blood through an artificial lung outside the body. In pediatric patients, ECMO is used for severe respiratory or cardiac failure when conventional therapy has failed. Radiologists must be familiar with ECMO circuit positioning, potential complications including cannula malposition, pneumothorax, and bleeding, and the impact of ECMO on imaging interpretation. Daily chest radiographs are routine to monitor cannula position and detect complications.
Usage
Usage note: Always written in all capitals. Specify VA-ECMO (venoarterial) or VV-ECMO (venovenous) when relevant.
In Context
- "The patient required ECMO support following cardiac surgery complications." — Medical record
- "Daily chest X-rays monitor ECMO cannula positioning and rule out pneumothorax." — Imaging protocol