dactylitis
Pronunciation: dak-tih-LY-tis
Painful swelling of fingers or toes, commonly seen as an early manifestation of sickle cell disease in young children.
Full Definition
Dactylitis, also known as 'hand-foot syndrome,' is characterized by painful, symmetric swelling of the hands and feet, most commonly affecting children with sickle cell disease between 6 months and 2 years of age. The condition results from vaso-occlusion in the small vessels of the metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges, leading to bone infarction and surrounding soft tissue inflammation. Episodes typically last 1-2 weeks and may be the first clinical manifestation of sickle cell disease. While usually self-limiting, dactylitis can cause permanent damage to affected bones and serves as an important early indicator for initiating comprehensive sickle cell care.
Usage
Usage note: Often called 'hand-foot syndrome' in patient education materials for clarity.
In Context
- "The 18-month-old presented with dactylitis affecting both hands, prompting evaluation for sickle cell disease." — pediatric emergency medicine note
- "Radiographs showed changes consistent with chronic dactylitis in this patient with known sickle cell anemia." — radiology report