dexamethasone
Pronunciation: dex-ah-METH-ah-sone
A synthetic corticosteroid commonly used in pediatric cancer treatment protocols.
Full Definition
Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties extensively used in pediatric oncology. It is a key component of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment protocols and is used in brain tumor management to reduce cerebral edema. Dexamethasone has superior CNS penetration compared to prednisolone, making it preferred for leukemias with CNS involvement risk. Common side effects include mood changes, increased appetite, growth suppression, and increased infection risk. Steroid myopathy and avascular necrosis are potential long-term complications requiring monitoring.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from prednisolone and prednisone in dosing and CNS penetration.
In Context
- "Dexamethasone 6 mg/m2/day was prescribed for the delayed intensification phase." — Medication administration record
- "CNS prophylaxis protocols favor dexamethasone over prednisolone for better penetration." — Treatment guideline