minimal residual disease
Cancer cells that remain in the body after treatment but are undetectable by standard microscopic examination.
Full Definition
Minimal residual disease (MRD) refers to the small number of cancer cells that persist after treatment and cannot be detected by conventional morphologic methods such as light microscopy. In pediatric oncology, MRD detection uses highly sensitive techniques including flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and next-generation sequencing to identify one cancer cell among thousands of normal cells. MRD status has become a critical prognostic factor and is increasingly used for risk stratification and treatment modification decisions. Positive MRD often indicates higher relapse risk and may prompt treatment intensification.
Usage
Usage note: Specify the detection method and sensitivity level when reporting MRD results.
In Context
- "Flow cytometric analysis revealed minimal residual disease at the 0.01% level." — Laboratory report
- "Treatment assignment was modified based on minimal residual disease results at day 29." — Protocol stratification notes