checkpoint inhibitor
Class of immunotherapy drugs that block immune checkpoint proteins to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.
Full Definition
Checkpoint inhibitors are a revolutionary class of immunotherapy drugs that work by blocking immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, which normally prevent excessive immune responses. By inhibiting these checkpoints, the drugs allow the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively. In urologic oncology, checkpoint inhibitors have shown significant efficacy in advanced renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. Common agents include pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab. These drugs can cause unique immune-related adverse events and require careful monitoring and management protocols different from traditional chemotherapy.
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenate when used as a compound modifier. Note that 'checkpoint' is one word, not 'check point.'
In Context
- "The checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab showed durable responses in platinum-refractory urothelial carcinoma." — Clinical trial report
- "Immune-related adverse events from checkpoint inhibitors require prompt recognition and management." — Safety guideline