Neuroscience Glossary

An aggressive malignant brain tumor arising from glial cells in the cerebral hemispheres.

A pathological process involving proliferation and hypertrophy of glial cells in response to brain injury or disease.

The ability to recognize letters or numbers traced on the skin, testing cortical sensory integration.

Loss of vision in half of the visual field, typically caused by damage to the visual pathway.

Failure to attend to or acknowledge one side of space, typically following right hemisphere damage.

Weakness affecting one side of the body, less severe than complete paralysis.

Complete paralysis of one side of the body, typically resulting from stroke or brain injury.

The study of blood flow and circulation, particularly relevant in neurology for cerebral blood flow assessment.

Neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampus, commonly associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain's ventricular system.

Abnormally exaggerated reflexes indicating upper motor neuron damage.

Relating to or occurring during an epileptic seizure.

Inability to perform learned movements on command despite intact motor function and comprehension.

The pressure inside the skull, encompassing brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid.

Inadequate blood supply to brain tissue, potentially leading to neuronal death and stroke.

Progressive increase in seizure susceptibility following repeated subthreshold electrical stimulation.

A medical procedure involving insertion of a needle into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid.

A neuroimaging technique that measures magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain.

A typically benign brain tumor arising from the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain.

Fatty tissue wrapping around nerve fibers that speeds up electrical signal transmission.

The brain's ability to reorganize and form new neural connections throughout life.

Chemical messenger that transmits signals between neurons across synapses.

National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, a standardized assessment tool for quantifying stroke severity.

Involuntary rhythmic eye movements that can indicate vestibular or neurological dysfunction.