late-onset sepsis LOS
Bacterial bloodstream infection occurring after 72 hours of life, typically acquired from the hospital environment and commonly associated with invasive devices.
acrocyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet in newborns, typically benign and related to immature circulation.
APGAR score
A rapid assessment tool evaluating newborn condition at birth using five criteria.
apnea of prematurity
Cessation of breathing for 15-20 seconds or longer in premature infants due to immature respiratory control.
apneic spell
Episode of breathing cessation lasting 20 seconds or more, or shorter if accompanied by bradycardia or desaturation.
appropriate for gestational age
Birth weight falling between the 10th and 90th percentiles for gestational age.
bagging
Manual ventilation technique using a self-inflating bag and mask to provide positive pressure breaths to newborns requir...
Ballard examination
Standardized assessment tool to estimate gestational age in newborns using physical and neurologic criteria.
bradycardia
Heart rate below normal range for age in newborns, typically less than 100 beats per minute.
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
A chronic lung disease in premature infants characterized by abnormal development of lung tissue and airways.
caffeine citrate
Methylxanthine medication used to treat apnea of prematurity by stimulating the respiratory center and reducing episodes...
central line-associated bloodstream infection
Healthcare-associated infection occurring in patients with central venous access devices, representing a serious complic...
choanal atresia
Congenital blockage of nasal passages at the back of the nose.
continuous positive airway pressure
Non-invasive respiratory support that delivers constant positive pressure to maintain lung expansion and improve oxygena...
Coombs test
A blood test used to detect antibodies that attack red blood cells, particularly important in diagnosing hemolytic disea...
corrected age
Adjusted age calculation for premature infants based on expected due date rather than actual birth date.
corrected gestational age
Age calculation for premature infants that adjusts chronological age based on expected due date rather than actual birth...
craniosynostosis
Premature fusion of skull sutures in infants, requiring early detection and potential surgical intervention to prevent c...
desaturation
Decrease in oxygen saturation levels below normal range, typically monitored via pulse oximetry.
desquamation
Normal peeling of skin in newborns, particularly post-term infants.
developmental care
Neonatal care approach focused on supporting neurological development and minimizing stress in the NICU environment.
Dubowitz examination
Comprehensive neurological and physical assessment tool used to estimate gestational age in newborns, particularly when...
dusky
Clinical term describing bluish or grayish discoloration of the skin indicating poor oxygenation or circulation.
early-onset sepsis
Bacterial bloodstream infection occurring within the first 72 hours of life, typically caused by pathogens acquired from...
ELBW
Acronym for extremely low birth weight, referring to infants weighing less than 1000 grams at birth.