late-onset sepsis LOS
Bacterial bloodstream infection occurring after 72 hours of life, typically acquired from the hospital environment and commonly associated with invasive devices.
phenylketonuria
Inherited metabolic disorder characterized by inability to process the amino acid phenylalanine, detected through newbor...
phototherapy
Light therapy treatment for neonatal jaundice using specific wavelengths to break down excess bilirubin.
PICC line
Peripherally inserted central catheter used for long-term vascular access in neonates requiring extended intravenous the...
pneumothorax
Accumulation of air in the pleural space causing lung collapse, particularly common in ventilated preterm infants.
polycythemia
Abnormally high red blood cell concentration causing blood viscosity increase.
positive end-expiratory pressure
Pressure maintained in airways at end-expiration to prevent alveolar collapse.
post-term infant
Newborn delivered at or after 42 weeks 0 days (294 days) of completed gestational age, associated with increased perinat...
postmenstrual age
Gestational age plus chronological age, used to track development in premature infants.
respiratory distress syndrome
Breathing disorder in premature infants caused by insufficient surfactant production in immature lungs.
retinopathy of prematurity
An eye disease affecting premature infants characterized by abnormal blood vessel development in the retina.
sepsis workup
Diagnostic evaluation to identify or rule out bacterial infection in newborns.
SGA
Small for gestational age, describing infants whose birth weight falls below the 10th percentile for their gestational a...
Silverman-Anderson score
Clinical scoring system used to assess respiratory distress severity in newborns based on physical examination findings.
small for gestational age
Classification for newborns whose weight falls below the 10th percentile for their gestational age.
surfactant
A substance produced by the lungs that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing lung collapse.
synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
Ventilation mode delivering mandatory breaths synchronized with patient's respiratory effort.
thermoregulation
The physiological process by which newborns maintain normal body temperature.
tocolysis
Medical intervention to stop or slow preterm labor contractions.
tocolytic
Medication used to suppress uterine contractions and delay preterm labor to allow for maternal transport or fetal matura...
TORCH screen
Panel of laboratory tests to detect maternal infections that can cause congenital abnormalities or perinatal complicatio...
transient tachypnea of the newborn
Self-limiting respiratory condition in newborns caused by delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid, typically resolving wit...
transillumination
Diagnostic technique using bright light to detect air collections or fluid in body cavities, commonly used to diagnose p...
transition period
Critical first hours after birth when newborns adapt from intrauterine to extrauterine life.
TTN
Transient tachypnea of the newborn, a temporary breathing condition caused by delayed fluid clearance from fetal lungs.