late-onset sepsis LOS
Bacterial bloodstream infection occurring after 72 hours of life, typically acquired from the hospital environment and commonly associated with invasive devices.
large for gestational age
Birth weight above the 90th percentile for gestational age, often associated with maternal diabetes.
late preterm
Infants born between 34 and 36 weeks and 6 days of gestation, representing a high-risk population often mistaken for ter...
late-onset sepsis
Bacterial bloodstream infection occurring after 72 hours of life, typically acquired from the hospital environment and c...
macroglossia
Abnormally enlarged tongue that may cause breathing or feeding difficulties.
meconium aspiration syndrome
Respiratory condition occurring when a newborn inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid, causing airway obstruction and i...
meconium-stained amniotic fluid
Amniotic fluid discolored by fetal meconium passage, indicating potential fetal distress and risk of aspiration complica...
minimal enteral nutrition
Small volume enteral feeds given to premature infants primarily to stimulate gut maturation and hormone production rathe...
myelomeningocele
Most severe form of spina bifida with exposed spinal cord and nerve tissue.
nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation
Non-invasive respiratory support method that delivers intermittent positive pressure breaths through nasal prongs, used...
nasogastric tube
A flexible tube inserted through the nose into the stomach for feeding or gastric decompression in neonates.
necrotizing enterocolitis
A serious gastrointestinal disease primarily affecting premature infants, characterized by inflammation and death of int...
neonatal abstinence scoring
Standardized assessment tool used to evaluate the severity of withdrawal symptoms in newborns exposed to opioids or othe...
neonatal abstinence syndrome
Withdrawal symptoms in newborns exposed to drugs or alcohol in utero.
neonatal resuscitation
Emergency interventions to support breathing and circulation in newborns at birth.
neutral thermal environment
Temperature range that minimizes oxygen consumption and metabolic demands while maintaining normal body temperature in n...
oligohydramnios
Condition of decreased amniotic fluid volume during pregnancy.
omphalocele
Congenital abdominal wall defect with membrane-covered intestinal herniation at umbilicus.
osteopenia of prematurity
Condition in premature infants characterized by decreased bone mineral content and increased risk of fractures due to in...
parenteral nutrition
Intravenous delivery of nutrients bypassing the gastrointestinal tract, essential for premature infants unable to tolera...
patent ductus arteriosus
A congenital heart condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, causing abnormal blood flow.
PDA
Patent ductus arteriosus, a congenital heart condition where fetal blood vessel fails to close after birth.
periventricular leukomalacia
Brain injury in premature infants characterized by death of white matter tissue near the brain's ventricles.
periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage
Bleeding into or around the fluid-filled cavities of the brain, graded I-IV by severity.
persistent pulmonary hypertension
Life-threatening condition where elevated pulmonary vascular resistance prevents normal transition to extrauterine circu...